Fluid administration is a cornerstone of perioperative care, with the ultimate goal being the maintenance of intravascular volume in a fashion that incurs the fewest complications. There is a wide spectrum of risk inherent in different perioperative fluid managements strategies. On one hand, failing provoke a shunting of what intravascular volume remains away from the so-called “nonvital” organs to organs such as the brain and the heart. Clinical manifestations of under-resuscitation include postoperative complications ranging from the inconvenient and unpleasant (e.g., dizziness and post-operative nausea and vomiting) to those that acutely complicate the course of care such as: acute kidney injury and impaired wound healing as a result of inadequate blood flow to surgical anastamoses. On the other hand, over-resuscitation engenders risks such as pulmonary edema and its ensuing complications like impairment of pulmonary function, post-operative coagulopathy, abdominal compartment syndrome, gastrointestinal edema, impaired tolerance to enteral feeding, and increased bacterial translocation from the gut, which may in turn increase the risk of systemic inflammatory response syndromes and multiorgan system dysfunction.
Conventionally, perioperative fluid management methodology has entailed a “recipe book” or one-size-fits all approach that emphasizes settling on a continuous rate of fluid administration and replacing additional losses only as they occur. That strategy has come under fire for its failure to take a number of variables into account, including: preoperative fluid status, challenges relating to accurate measurement of intraoperative fluid loss, and perioperative variations in cardiac function and vascular tone. Thus, the medical literature is rife with studies, not to mention opinion, debating the merits of liberal versus restrictive fluid management strategies in populations ranging from orthopedic to intraabdominal surgeries. In the end, reviews of the literature and recent studies have begun to argue in favor of an adaptable approach that emphasizes specific patient population and surgical types in addition to moment-to-moment intraoperative fluid and pressure estimates and measurements aiding conventional decision drivers intraoperatively.
Dr. Manecke discusses the economic burden of complications of surgery and how perioperative goal-directed therapy may provide some opportunities to optimize practice in and around the clinical experience of the operating room setting.
Agenda
This program has been designed for a multidisciplinary physician and nurse audience including: ICU / Anesthesia / Peri-op / Intensivists / Trauma / Critical Care
This program is supported by Educational Grants from Edwards Lifesciences.
Release Date: September 12, 2015 -- Expiration Date: November 12, 2017
Faculty: Gerald Manecke Jr., MD
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Faculty Disclosure:
Dr. Gerald Manecke Jr., MD discloses that he is a consultant / speaker for Edwards Lifesciences and Deltex.
Disclosures of Educational Planner: Charles Turck, PharmD is an officer and part owner of ScientiaCME, LLC, which has received a grant from the commercial supporter of this program: Edwards Lifesciences .
Commercial Support Disclosure: This program is supported by an educational grant from Edwards Lifesciences
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